Umbono wokugcina Ukuthi Kufakwa kwe-Air Separation Process Flow Diagram

Kungani Ukwahlula Ngokwezinkokhelo Izithombe zokugqula isiliva Kusebenza: Umsebenzi Wokuphakanyiswa Kuphakanyiswa

Ukuphakanyisa Isilwane Nakuhlukanisa: Ukususa i-CO₂, Umphilo, Ne-Hydrocarbons

Umoya ovela endaweni ezungezile udonswa kulezi zindawo zokucindezela eziyizinyathelo eziningi lapho ucindezelwa khona kuze kube cishe ezingeni lokucindezela elingu-0.6 kuya ku-0.8 MPa. Ngemva kokucindezela, umoya uhamba phakathi kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-molecular sieve beds. Lezi zinto ezikhethekile zibamba izinto ezinjenge-carbon dioxide, umswakama nama-hydrocarbon ahlukahlukene. Ukuqeda lezi zingcolisi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba uma kungenjalo besizothola ukuqongelela kweqhwa nezinkinga zokugqwala kamuva kulezo zingxenye ezibandayo zesistimu. Ezesimanje kakhulu izithombe zokugqula isiliva empeleni sisebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokumunca ukushisa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kulungiselelwa kuhlanganisa imibhoshongo emibili esebenza ndawonye. Ngesikhathi umbhoshongo owodwa umatasa uhlanza umoya, owesibili uyavuselelwa noma ngokuwuphefumulela initrogen esele noma ngokuwushisa ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okuvalekile.

Ukupholisa Okujulile Nokwenza Uketshezi Ngokusebenzisa Ama-Turbine Wokunwetshwa Nokusebenza KukaJouleThomson

Umoya ohlanziwe nocindezelweyo uqala uphole kulezi zindawo ezinkulu zokushintshanisa ukushisa ngokuwuhambisa ngemithombo yemikhiqizo ebandayo evela kwenye indawo ohlelweni. Amazinga okushisa ehla aze afike ku-175 degrees Celsius ngemva kwalesi sinyathelo. Ukuthambisa okwenzekayo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwama-turboexpander. Le mishini iyasebenza kahle lapho igesi ikhula ngokushesha, iguqule amandla okucindezela abe umsebenzi womshini ngesikhathi esifanayo icindezela izinto phansi ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela kaJoule-Thomson. I-nitrogen ibilisa cishe kuma-degree angu-minus 196 kuyilapho i-oxygen ibilisa kuma-degree angu-minus 183, ngakho amaphuzu abo okubila ahlukile asiza ekuwahlukaniseni abe izigaba ngaphambi kokuba sifike esigabeni sokushisela.

Ukuxubha Okuqandisiwe Ekholomu Eliphindwe Kabili Linde: Ukuhlukanisa Umfutho Womoya-mpilo, Initrogen Ne-Argon

Kodwa ukusuka kwe-liquified air ekhuluma kuqoqo lokuhlanganisa amakholomu okuphakanyiswa kwabili, kuyisibonelo esikhulu se-ASU (Air Separation Units) saseyini. Ngaphakathi kwekholomu yokuphakanyiswa okusebenzisa imithambo yezinkampani ezingama-5 kuya kuma-6 bar, i-nitrogen iyakhupha njengokuvula ngaphandle, futhi i-liquid ene-oxygen iyadlula phansi. Lokhu liquid lapho liyathakelwa kwekholomu elincane yezinkampani ngokugcwele ama-1.2 kuya kuma-1.3 bar, apho ukuhlanganisa kwenza ngokwesibonelo sokubeka kwe-reflux esihle. I-argon ibhekana ngokwesibonelo ngoba iyavula ngokugcwele ema-186 degrees Celsius, ngakho ke iyagcina ngokuzenzakalela kwezinye izindawo ezikwiqoqo leliqoqo eliphakathi kwezimbili zezikholomu. Umsebenzi wokuqhubeka ngokuphakeme kwenza i-oxygen engu-99.5 percent yekuphelele futhi i-nitrogen engu-99.999 percent yekuphelele. Lezi ziqiniso ziyafika emaqiniso ayesiyo ayesiyo ayezifundwa ngu-ISO 8573-1 futhi zizigcino sezinhlelo zokusebenza zezindawo eziningi, kufaka ezinkampani zokusebenza kwezintandabuzo, izinkampani zokusebenza izimithambo, nezinkampani zokwenza iziphephetho zezibalo.

Izinkambo Ezibalulekileyo Kwezinkambo Zokuhlanzwa Kwamanzi: I-Cold Box ne-Heat Integration

Ukuhlelwa Kwe-Cold Box: Ukugcina Okuphephileyo Kwezinkambo, Izihlanzi Zokubeka Umoya, Nezinhlobo Zokugcina

Enhliziyweni yendawo yokuhlukanisa umoya kunalokho esikubiza ngokuthi ibhokisi elibandayo, ngokuyisisekelo igumbi elivaleke kakhulu elihlanganisa konke ngaphakathi kwejazi elikhulu lokungenisa umoya. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala, kunemibhoshongo yokuxubha eceleni kwalezi ziguquli zokushisa ezikhethekile ze-aluminium ezishiselwe ukushisa nazo zonke izinhlobo zamapayipi e-cryogenic adlulayo. Empeleni, konke lokhu kuhloswe kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi konke kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, mancane amathuba okuthi ukushisa okungafuneki kungene, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kuka-minus 180 degrees Celsius. Amaqembu okugcina izinto zisesimweni esihle nawo ayawuthanda lo mklamo ngoba ukulungisa izinto kuthatha isikhathi esincane ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezindala lapho izingxenye zazihlakazeke khona yonke indawo. Njengoba zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali eqinile exutshwe nezinye izinto ezenziwe nge-aluminium, lezi zikhwama zenza umehluko wokunwebeka nokuqina ngokwemvelo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, agcina imifudlana yomoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen ne-argon ihlukanisiwe kuyo yonke inqubo, aqinisekise ukuthi akukho lutho oluxubene futhi imisebenzi ihlale ithembekile unyaka nonyaka.

Amaphetha Okuhlanganisa Kwezinkampani Zokugcina Imithwalo Nezindlela Zokubuyela Kwamandla

Izinhlangano zokususa izigwaza zasezinsukwini zizihlukanisa kakhulu ngamaphetha okuhlanganisa okuphelele okusebenza ngokuthakazelisa ukugcina imithwalo yezigwaza zokungafanele nezinye zezigwaza ezincane. Umkhondo wokuhambana ngokuphambili wasebenza kahle kakhulu futhi: wenza umkhondo wokufika wezinye ukuhlula, ngokufanayo nokuhlula umkhondo wokuphuma, ngokwenza ukuthi izinguquko zokuchitha kuzoba ngeminyaka engu-3°C. Lokhu kubonakala kahle kakhulu ngokuthi kuyisebenzisa lezi maphetha amasha amabrazed ayezilayaminiamu okuhlanganisa okusha kakhulu. Uma sibheka ukusebenza kwempilo yomphakathi, lezi zikhombisa zokusha ziyahlula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kwe-40% ku-50% uma zihambisana nezinye zezikhombisa ezedlule. Kumaqembu amakhulu emindeni esebenzisa izikhombisa zokusebenza ngamashumi amabili ngosuku, lokhu kubonakalisa ukuthi kubuyiselwa ngaphezu kwe-$2.8 million ngosuku ngokuvamile kwezindlela zokusebenza kuphela, ngokubhekana nezivakaliso ezisukela kwezindlela zokusebenza zemindeni zaseNingizimu Afrika zase-United States zase-2022.

Kungani Kudingeka I-Cryogenics? Ukwehluka Kwezinga Lokubila Kwenza Kwenzeka Ukukhiqiza Igesi Enobumsulwa Obuphakeme

Ukuhlukaniswa komoya okuqandisiwe kusengukuphela kwendlela imboni ethola ngayo amagesi ahlanzeke kakhulu afana ne-oxygen, nitrogen ne-argon ngezinga elikhulu. Le nqubo isebenza ngoba la magesi anamaphuzu okubila ahlukile, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuba bawahlukanise ngokuhlanzeka okukhulu, ngokuhlanzeka okuvame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-99.5%. Izinhlangano eziqikelela izindinganiso ezifana ne-ASTM ne-ISO ziyakusekela lokhu ngezimiso zazo ze-D1946 ne-8573-1. Uma sibheka izinombolo zangempela, initrogen ibilisa cishe kuma -196 degrees Celsius, i-argon cishe kuma -186, kanti umoya-mpilo ufinyelela iphuzu lokubila cishe kuma -183. Lezi zingqimba ezincane zokushisa zibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba zinquma indlela igesi ngayinye ehlukaniswa ngayo phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilikisa elandelwa ukuchithwa kwemikhiqizo. Ufuna ukubona ukuthi kungani lokhu kusebenza? Bheka itafula elilandelayo ukuze uthole yonke imininingwane ebalulekile ye-thermodynamic ngemuva kwalobu buchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ngokukhetha.

Lokho kubheka kwezinkulu zokugcina izigasi zokuphakama 710–875 kusiza futhi ekugcineni nokuhambisa izigasi ezihlukene, okwenza ukusebenzisa izigasi zokuphakama kubalulekile kumazwe ongahlanganisi ngokuphelele, njengokwenza izigasi zokuphakama, ukwenza izinkampani zokuphakama, nokusebenzisa izigasi zokuphakama emazinzini ezigazi.