Ukukhetha Umthwali we-Unit yokuhlanzwa kwe-Air

Yenza ukuthi izinto zika-ASU zihambisane nesifundo sakho sesebenza ku- Umthengisi we-air separation unit

Hambisana ubukhulu (TPD), ubukhulu bokuprodukha (% O₂/N₂/Ar), uphazimbe, nokusebenza kwezinsuku ngezinsuku kubizo bakho besikhululeko

Ukuthola ubukhulu obuhle kwe- umthengisi we-air separation unit kubaseka kumaphakathi okusebenza okwenzekile, kusinda imali ngokukhupha ukungafani kwezinkinga zokufaka kakhulu nokufaka kancane. Uma kuyisibonelo sokusebenzisa oksijini ne-nitrojini, ukuphikisa kude kwe-99.5% yokuphelele kubiza imali. Indaba yamagasi yasezindustri yoku-2023 ibonisa ukuthi lezi ziqiniso zokuphelele zingakwazi ukongeza izindleko zomoya ngokuphakeme kwe-18 ku-30% kulokho okuhambisana nokuthi iziqiniso zesikhundla ziyizigaba zokuphelele zokwesibili kwe-95 ku-98%. Iziqu zempilo zezimboni zihambisana noma ziyasebenziswa njani. Ukufaka emqondweni kuzoba kuneziqu eziningi kwe-30 bar, kodwa ukugcina kwezinkulungwane kuzoba kuneziqu ezincane kwe-10 bar. Ukufaka lezi zinombolo okungafani kuzobeka ubudlelwano kuzo zonke izinto kusukela kuzo ziziqu zokufaka kusukela kuzo ziziqu zokusebenza kahle kusukela kuzo izikhathi zokuphatha. Izikhathi zokusebenza kwesixoxo kuyisibonelo esikhulu. Amaphoyisa asenzo ngaso sonke isonto ngaso sonke isonto kufuneka kubhekwe kweziqu zokuphatha umoya kanye neziqu zokubhakha phansi. Kumaqondweni owasebenza kuphela ngamaphoyisa amaningi, izikhathi zokuvula kusheshelayo neziqu zokusebenza kahle uma kufakwa kancane kuyizinto eziphakeme kakhulu. Abasemthethweni abanamandla bakhokha lezi zinto zonke ngokuphambuka kweziqu zokusebenza kwe-digital twin, bavumela ukuthi izifundo zihambisana nalesi sikhundla esebenza ngaso ngokwesibonelo.

I-ASU esiqhumbekile ngokwesibhakabhaka kunye nezisinqamulekile: ukubheka ukuthi kungakhathaliseki, imithwalo yokuqinisa, nokutha kwesikhundla sokuphatha konke

Izisikhangeli sezinkokhelo zokuhlakazeka zinakwenza okhokho we-oksijini ngemiphumela yokuqinisa okuphezulu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha akwenzeka ukufika ku-99.999%, futhi zisebenza kahle uma kubhekwa ukuguqula ukuprodukha ngaphezu kwezinkokhelo eziyizigidi ezintathu ngusuku. Kepha, lezi zisikhangeli zinakho izindleko ezikhulu zokubuyisa imali, futhi zidinga umkhakha wokugcina okuhlanganisa izinto ngokuzimisa (liquefaction) okuhlanganisa izinto. Kumaqondiso amancane angaphezu kwezinkokhelo eziyizigidi ezimbili ngusuku, izinkokhelo ezingenakho ukuhlakazeka njengoko kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) ne-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) ziyasebenza kahle. Zidinga imali encane kusukela, futhi ziqondiswa kahle, kodwa kukho isibonelo sokubhekana noma kubhekana. Umphumela wokuphakama kwakho kufika ku-95% ngezindlela zombili, futhi zihlola imali enkulu ngikilograma ekuprodukheni kulokho kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinkokhelo zokuhlakazeka. Uma kubhekwa ukulinganisa izindleko zokusebenzisa izinkokhelo zokuhlakazeka (total cost of ownership), akukho kuphela ukubhekana nalo okwenziwa ngokushesha. Izinkokhelo zokuhlakazeka zokuphakama kuzo kufa phakathi kwe-7% ne-12% ngonyaka uma kungabhalwa ngokuzimisa ukuchitha. Ngakumbi, ukubuyisa izinkokhelo zokugcina izinto (molecular sieves) kudala izindleko zokusebenzisa izinkokhelo ngaphezu kwe-15% emva kwezinyaka ezintathu. Umuntu ongakwazi ukuthenga izinkokhelo zokuhlakazeka kufanele abheke kahle emaqhingweni abonisa konke izindleko zokusebenzisa izinkokhelo zokuhlakazeka, ukuthi iziparti zizinga ngaphi, nokuthi izinkokhelo zabo zinakwenzela ukuthi zifike kwezinkokhelo eziphezulu kahle, kungafanele ukubhekana kuphela nendlela yokubhala izindleko.

Bheka ubukhulu bakho bokuziphatha ngokwemfundo ne-ubukhulu bakho bokwenza i-Air Separation Unit Manufacturer

Ubukhulu bakho bokuhlala kwe-cold box, ubukhulu bakho bokudesign kwe-molecular sieve, nokuhlala kwe-compressor njengezindikimba zokuphatha okuhle

Ukuphelela kwamabhokisi okubandisa kunendima ebalulekile ekutheni izinhlelo ziligcina kahle kangakanani ikhono lazo lokushisa. Ukuvuza okuncane nje kunganyusa izindleko zikagesi ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 ngoba umoya ofudumele ungena ngaphakathi. Uma kuziwa ekuhloleni izinhlayiya, ukwakheka kwazo kunquma ngempela ukuthi ziyasebenza kanjani ekususeni ukungcola. Uma izinqubo zokumunca zenziwe ngendlela efanele, lezi zinhlelo zingagcina umoya-mpilo uhlanzekile ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-99,9 kuyilapho zinciphisa inani legesi edingekayo ukuze kuvuselelwe umoya-mpilo ngamaphesenti angu-12. Ukuhlola amarekhodi okugcinwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo embonini kubonisa ukuthi izinkinga ze-compressor ziseyizinhlupho ezinkulu kakhulu ezitshalweni ze-cryogenic, ezibangela ukuvalwa okungazelelwe okungamaphesenti angu-43. Lezi zinto ezintathu zisebenza ndawonye. Ukushisela okuphansi emabhokisini abandayo kuholela ekuqhekekeni okusheshayo kokuhlukanisa. Futhi uma ama-compressor engalingani noma engazinzile ngokwanele, enza izinguquko zengcindezi eziphazamisa imibhede yokuhlunga futhi zehlise amazinga okuhlanzeka jikelele. Abakhiqizi abahle kakhulu bahlola zonke izingxenye ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba bathumele imikhiqizo. Zilingisa lokho okungenzeka phakathi namashumi eminyaka okusebenza ezindaweni ezilawulwayo ukuze zibone izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi.

Ukuqinisa ukwazi ngokusebenza kwezinto zokugcina izibonelo: ukuzimiswa kwe-ISO 15156, ukuzimiswa kwe-FAT okuphelele, nokuthi izibonelo sezinsizakwane zokusebenza emhlabeni

Ukuze kube namayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya asebenzelana nemisinga yegesi emuncu, ukulandela izindinganiso ze-ISO 15156 akunconywa nje kuphela kodwa kuyadingeka ngokuphelele. Le mithetho isiza ekuvimbeleni lezo zingxabano ezimbi ze-sulfide stress ezingase zenzeke ezingxenyeni ezisebenza ngaphansi kuka-minus 180 degrees Celsius. Lapho kuziwa ekuhlolweni kokwamukelwa yifektri, izinkampani eziningi ziyeka ukuhlola izinto ezisohlwini, kodwa abakhiqizi abaphezulu empeleni basebenzisa izinhlelo zabo ngaphandle kokuma izinsuku ezintathu ezigcwele ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo omkhulu. Baphinde bahlole ukuthi imishini ikwazi kanjani ukubhekana nokwehla kube ngu-30% kuphela womthamo, okuhlolisisa ngempela izinhlelo zokulawula. Ukubheka idatha yokusebenza ensimini kunikeza ukuqonda okungabizi okungekho omunye ongakufanisa. Bheka ama-turboexpander anezikhathi eziphakathi phakathi kokwehluleka eziye zabhalwa ezinde ngaphezu kwamahora angu-50 000, noma hlola ukuthi ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kuhlala kanjani kungashintshashintshi ngisho nalapho imithwalo ishintsha kakhulu. Ukwethenjwa kwezwe langempela kubaluleke ngaphezu kwemiphumela yaselebhu. Izindawo ezibonisa isikhathi esingaphansi kwengxenye yephesenti sokuphumula okungahleliwe unyaka ngamunye zikhuluma kakhulu ngokuthembeka kwazo esikhathini eside. Qhathanisa njalo imibhalo ye-FAT nalokho okwenzekayo ngempela ngesikhathi sokuphehlelelwa kwendawo ukuze ubone noma yikuphi ukungafani ngaphambi kokutshala imali ekusetshenzisweni.

Bheka ukwazi kokwenza kwezifulu zonke kwezindlela zokusebenza

Umsebenzi wokudesigna–ukuprodukisa–ukufaka kusebenza: umphumela kwenkqubo yokulandela isikhathi esithile nokuthengiswa kwesikhathi sakwa-1 ngoqo

Lapho ukuklama, ukukhiqiza nokuqalisa ukusebenza kusebenza ndawonye, izinkampani zivame ukufeza amaphrojekthi ngesikhathi futhi zigcine izindleko zokusebenza zizinzile ngonyaka wokuqala. Izimboni ezinamasistimu afanayo zinciphisa isikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-40 uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezinamasistimu angafani. Kanjani? Imibhalo ehlelekile isiza wonke umuntu ukuba ahlale ekhasini elifanayo. Ukuthola ukungqubuzana kumamodeli e-3D lapho usesesimweni sokuklama kusindisa ikhanda kamuva. Futhi lapho wonke amaqembu esebenzisa amapulatifomu edijithali, ukuxhumana kuba ngcono kakhulu. Inzuzo yangempela ivela ekugwemeni ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibizayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zohlelo zisebenza ndawonye kahle. Lokhu empeleni kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka wokuqala ngamaphesenti aphakathi kuka-15 no-18. Isinyathelo esibalulekile emaqenjini okuqala ukusebenza ukuhlola inqubo yokulawula ngemithwalo yangempela kunokuba abheke izinombolo ezifaniswayo ngaphambi kokuletha izinto. Ukwenza lokhu ngendlela efanele kunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa silungisa izinkinga ngemva kokuqalisa futhi kuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwemali eyizigidi ezingu-2,3 zamaRandi ngonyaka ngenxa yokuvalwa okungazelelwe ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-PEMAC kusukela ngo-2025. Izinkampani eziqhuba yonke into njengenqubo eyodwa evumelanayo ngokuvamile ziqeda amaphrojekthi amasonto ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesimiso somkhakha sokulibaziseka amasonto angu-22, okusho ukuthi ziqala ukubona imbuyiselo yotshalo-mali ngokushesha okukhulu.

Hlaziya Ukusebenza Kwe-Energy Efficiency ne-Long-Term Reliability Ngokusebenzisa I-Data Yokusebenza Okwenzelwe

Ukuqonda kwezindlela zokusebenza kwempilo yezindawo zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo ngokusebenzisa izibalo zokusebenzisa i-energy ngokulinganisa i-kWh ngamakilogramu kubonakala kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, kusukela ku-5 ku-100 amathoni ngosuku, kusiza ekuboneni ngokuphelele izindlela zokuthengisa ngokuphakeme. Izinombolo zihlakanipha futhi — sizibona ukuthi kunezilinganiso ezingaphezu kwe-30% phakathi kwezinkulungwane zokusebenzisa i-energy ngamaphuzu amafanayo aseparathiwe ngokwesinye, okuyisibonelo sokuthi kuyabeka impilo yezindlela zokuthengisa ngokuphakeme. Iziphakade zokungasebenzi kakhulu kusukela kwezikhathi zingaba ngokufouling kwe-heat exchanger, okubizwa ngokuthi kubhekisele kuma-60 ku-70% yokungasebenzi. Amakompani ayesekwenza imali kulezi zicofa zokuvikela kufouling ziyasebenza ngokuphelele ngokuphakeme ngama-15% ngokuphakeme kusukela kwezikhathi zokusebenza zabo zokuqala ezingu-5. Izisiko zokugcina isikhundla esikhulu kakhulu futhi. Amaphuzu asebenzisa izisiko zokugcina ezinamandla kakhulu (distributed control systems) asebenzisa amasikhundla okugcina okunamandla kakhulu asebenzisa amasekondi okuhambisana ngezikhathi eziningi, abonisa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphezu kwe-40% ngokungasebenzi kwezinhlobo zezinto zokusebenza lapho kunezinkinga zokuguqula ngokushesha kwezinhlobo zokusebenza. Ngakho, lapho uyabona amakompani asebenzisa amaphuzu aseparathiwe ngokwesinye, ungavumele ukuthi uqonde ngokwesibonelo. Uyabuka ngokucacile ukuthi ubone ukuthi kunezimboni zokubonwa ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokusebenza zokuthengisa ngokuphakeme, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kunezimboni zokubonwa ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokusebenza zokuthengisa ngokuphakeme, ngokungavumele ukuthi uqonde ngokwesibonelo. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuboneni ngokuphelele izindlela zokuthengisa ngokuphakeme nezindlela zokusebenza ngokuphakeme kusukela kwezikhathi zokusebenza zokuphakeme.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini umba wokukhetha isayizi yomkhakha we-ASU?

Ukukhetha isayizi esihle yomkhakha we-air separation unit (ASU) ngokwesifundo sezindawo zokuproducwa kuyisisekelo esibalulekile njengoba kusiza ekuthinteni imali ngokuvikela ukukhetha isayizi enkulu kakhulu noma encane kakhulu.

Kubonakala kanjani ukulinganisa izinkhakha ze-cryogenic nezinkhakha ze-non-cryogenic?

Izinkhakha ze-cryogenic zinakuproducwa oksijini olunamuhla kakhulu futhi ziyisisekelo esihle kumaqhaza amaningi, ngakho-ke izinkhakha ze-non-cryogenic njenge-VSA ne-PSA ziyisisekelo esihle kumaqhaza amancane kodwa zinamiphumela amancane kakhulu yokunamuhla.

Kufanele kubhekwe ntoni xa kubhekwa ubukhulu bekuphatha kwezindlela zokusebenza kwemfundo?

Kubalulekile ukubheka ubukhulu bekuphatha kwezindlela zokusebenza kwezindlela zokudesign, ukuzenza, nokuvula umkhakha, okuyisisekelo esihle sokulandela isikhathi sokusebenza futhi ukunciphisa izindlela zokusebenza kweyokuqala.

Ngingakwenzeni kanjani ukubonisa ukuthi umkhakha we-ASU uyasebenza ngokwemali futhi uyisisekelo esihle?

Sicela ukuthi kwenziwe ukubonisa okuphelele kwezindlela zokuziphatha ezibalulekile ngokwesibonelo esingaphandle kwezincwadi zokuthengisa ukuze kubonakaliswe ukuthi isithuthi sokuhlanza amafutha sisebenza kangakanani ngokwezimali futhi ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani ngokudlula iminyaka.

Kungani ubukhulu bakho bokuzinikela kubalulekile ekukhetheni i- umthengisi we-air separation unit ?

Ubukhulu bakho bokuzinikela buyinika ukuthi isithuthi sokuhlaza amafutha, isimo sesithuthi sokuhlaza amafutha, nokuthi ikhomphresha iyasebenza kangakanani, kubalulekile ukuthi kubonakaliswe ubukhulu obubalulekile balesithuthi sokuhlaza amafutha futhi ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani.