Ukuvuselela Kwemisebenzi Yokuqondisa Amasiko Okuhlanzwa Kwe-Air

Izindlela Zokuphatha Ezimangalisayo Zokufunda Izithombe zokugqula isiliva

Ukubhekisana Kwemilayezo Yendlela Yokusebenza Ngokusebenzisa Izisikhwama Zokuphatha Okuzinikela

Izithombe zokugqula isiliva (ASUs) ayisiza kakhulu kwimithombo yomthelela xa zihamba ngamathuba amathile apho umthwalo wemoto ayigqibela kumaphuzu. Isiphumo? Imithombo yokuqiniseka yezinkokhelo eziyiqinisekayo ziyagcina le nto ngokwenza izilinganiso ezintsha ngokupheleleyo kwezinto zokufana nokukhanya kwe-compressor, ukulayisha kwe-valve, nokuthi kuzo zonke izinto zokuhlanganisa ngokusebenzisa imininingwane yezikhungo zokubona. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kuthi kanjani ngezinkinga zokuthenga kwe-oxygen ne-nitrogen, izintempelature zangaphandle, futhi ukuthi kuzo zonke izinto zokuthenga kwe-air engenakho. Xa umthwalo uphela, le mithombo emnye emnye iyabeka isikhathi sokugcina isikhathi sokugcina kwe-distillation columns kodwa ibeke impilo yezinto zokuthenga kusuka kwezimpilo ezivamile. Ngokwesicabango saseminyakeni ya-2023 esihlanganisa izindlela zokuhlambulula, le ndlela iyakwakha umthwalo wokukhanya ngaphezu kwe-12% kuya kwe-18%. Lokhu kuyaphikisa indlela yezindustria ebalulekileyo eyisiza kakhulu ekuthengeni kwe-energy ezingenakho kusuka kwe-20% kuya kwe-30% ngokuthenga kwezinto eziningi kunezidingo. Kusukela kwezindlela zokuzilungisa ngokuzenzakalelo ezifakwe kule mithombo, ziyasebenza ngokuzenzakalelo kwezinkinga zokugcina kwezinto zokusebenza futhi kwezinkinga zokuguqula kwezinsuku zokugcina, ngakho abasebenzi abaningi abazihlukanisa izilungiselelo ngokuzenzakalelo ukuze bakholele kwezimpilo ezivamile.

Ukukhokha Kwemodeli Yokubala Ukusebenza Kwesikhathi Sakuhlanganisa Amasimu Okugcina Imithwalo Kwe-ASU

Ukukhokha Kwemodeli Yokubala (MPC) kuyaphinda kusuka kwezindlela zokuphendula ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa amadigital twins okufundwa ngemithwalo ukuhlakazeka ukusebenza kwe-ASU kusukela emva kwezimini ezi-15–30. Kuyasebenzisa izindlela zokufaka ezilungile—umoya wokufaka okunamathuba, imizimba yezindlu zokuphuma kwe-turbine, nokuthenga kwemali yokusebenza kusukela emva kwezinsuku—ukuqonda izinca zokusebenza ezipheleleyo zokusebenza kwe:

• Umgangatho wokuphuma kwe-cryogenic compressor
• Izikhundla zebalve zokuphuma kwe-expander
• Izinhambano zokuproducwa kweliquidi

Ukubheka i-industrial air separation units ezi-37 ngo-2022 wabonisa ukuthi i-model predictive control yaphula umsebenzi we-energiya ngokwesibalo se-0.12 kuya ku-0.25 kWh ngalinye le-Nm³ yooxijini eyadlulwa. Le ndaba yasemthethweni yasebheka futhi yabelana nokuthi izinguquko zokuproducwa zazihamba ngokwesibalo se-40% kusheshile uma kusetyenziswa le ndlela. Okukhomba ukuthi i-MPC ibhekene ngenxa yokuqondisa izinkinga kabefore kuzoba khona. Isibonelo, ngalokho okungathandabuzeki kakhulu kokufika kwabahluke bokuxhumana kwe-blast furnaces, izindawo zezinhlangano zizokwazi ukudala ubukhulu be-product ngokuphelele. Kodwa i-MPC iyasebenza ngokushesha kulezindlela, ekuvumela ukungafanele kusebenzisa izinkulungwane zokuvusa ezinomthelela kwe-energiya. Lokhu kokubheka phambili kuyabeka abasebenzi noma yisiphi isikhathi esingakwazi ukubhekana nabo abasebenzi be-PID besebenzisa ukuthi kubhekene nendlela yokusebenza yezinhlangano zonke.

Ukuvutha Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza Kwe-Air Compressor Kwe-Air Separation Units

Izinhlangano zokugcina amandla amancane ziyakhiqiza kusukela ku-70% yezindleko zokusebenza kwe-ASU yonke—kubhekisela ukuthi ukuvimbela kwe-compressor kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Iziphakamiso ezintathu eziqinisekisiwe ziyathola isiphumo esibonakalayo:

Izinhlangano zokuguqula isikhathi sokusebenza ne-System-Wide Pressure Loss Reduction

Ukushintsha kusuka kuma-compressor anejubane eliqinile kuya kuma-drive anejubane eliguquguqukayo kuvumela ama-motor ukuba alungise amandla awo okusebenza ngokuvumelana nalokho okudingekayo ngempela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma kuhlanganiswa nemizamo yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ohlelweni lonke, le ndlela yenza umehluko omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka amapayipi e-aluminium asebenza kahle kakhulu kusiza ukugcina ijubane lomoya lingaphansi kwamamitha ayisithupha ngomzuzwana. Okunye okufanele kukhulunywe ngakho izinhlelo zokuhlola ukuvuza nge-ultrasonic ezibhekana nalezo zingozi ezifihliwe ezibangela cishe u-25% wamandla alahlwayo ezinhlelweni ezingakulungiselelwa kahle. Ukwenza izinguquko ezincane kodwa ezihlakaniphile ekucindezeleni okusekelwe kulokho okudingwa isicelo ngasinye kuyasiqedela isithombe. Ngokwezifundo zamuva ezivela ku-2023 mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwe-compressor, lezi zindlela ezihlanganisiwe zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendawo ethile phakathi kuka-12% no-18%.

Isifundo Secala: Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Twin-Screw Compressor Ukufinyelela Ukugcinwa Kwamandla Okungu-22%

Umphakeli wemithombo yasezindustri engeyinkimbinkimbi wabuyisela amakhompyutha amabili asebenzisa i-screw okanye amakhompyutha amabili asebenzisa i-screw, abhalwe ngokufaka kwe-VSD, nokuhlanganiswa nesikhombisa sesikhundla esisebenzisa i-IoT. Ukubuyisela kwakwenzeka ngokuthi:

Lokhu kuthiwa kubonisa ukuthi izibizo zokugcina zokuguqula zinokuzimisa ubunzima bezimali zokusebenza kwe-ASUs—ngaphandle kokugcina ubunzima bokuphatha okuhambisana nokuphatha kwezinto zokusebenza.

Ukuhlela Kwesikhumba Sokuchitha Nokuhlela Kwesikhumba Sokuchitha Kwezinkampani Zokususa Amagasi

Ukuphakanyiswa Kwefekthi Yokujola-Thomson Ngokusebenzisa Ukulungisa Kokuphakanyiswa Kwesikhumba Sokuchitha Ngokuphepha

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-refrigeration kuyaphendula ngokuphelele kubukwa kwezinto ezithi i-Joule-Thomson effect, okuyisibonelo sokuthi izigasizimisa zikhalisa njani xa zihlukana ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwakho kwezinhlobo zezindawo zokugcina isikhathi. Uma kunezilinganiso zokulingana kwezindawo zokugcina isikhathi, amachinisi aya kusebenza kakhulu kunezidingo, okusika ukuthenga kwezimali zokusebenza ngaphezu kwe-15% ku-30%. Izinhlelo zokusebenza kwe-refrigeration eziphatha kahle lezi zingxenye zokubhekisisa isikhathi ngokuthe ngezinye nezivalo ezingcono ezihlanganisa ngokuzenzakalela kwezinto ezenzekayo ngaphakathi. Lezi zinhlelo ziyabhekisisa ngokuthe ngezinye izinkimbinkimbi zokugcina isikhathi nezinkimbinkimbi zokugcina isikhathi ngokuthe ngezinye kwezindawo ezithile njengezinkimbinkimbi zokugcina isikhathi nezinkimbinkimbi zokugcina isikhathi. Isiphumo? Ukugcina isikhathi okungafanele kwezindawo ezenziwe ngamoniwe, futhi ukugcina isikhathi esifanele kwezindawo ezenziwe ngamoksigeni, okuhlinzeka ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zonke ngaphandle kokufaka izilungiselelo ngokuthe ngezinye ukuze kuhlinzeka ukuthenga kwezimali zokusebenza.

Amaphenyo ayifaka ukunciphisa ukulayisha kwe-compressor, ukuphakamisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwemithombo ngokunciphisa ukuguqula kwesikhathi sokugcina nokuhlanzwa, nokubeka ubukhulu obuhle bocwaningo. Ukufaka kwezinhlobo zokuphatha ngokuphelele kunciphisa isilinganiso sokusebenzisa amandla okuchitha ngama-18–22%, futhi ukufaka kwezinhlobo zokuphatha ngokuphelele kuyasinda isikhathi sokusebenza esihle kuphela ngezinhlobo zokuguqula kwezinhlobo zokusebenza—kuyabeka ngqo ukunciphisa izindleko zomandla nokuthiwa kwe-carbon.

Ukujabulisa Kwemandla Ngokuphelele Nokulinganisa Kwezinye Izingxenye Zokususa Amagasi

Ukubhalwa kwe-enerji kuma-ASU kushintsha imisebenzi kusukela kubhekana nezinkinga noma kuphela ngenxa yezinkinga zokuthi zihlala ziyasebenza, kuya kubhekana nokugcina izinkinga ngokusebenzisa ukuplanisha okuhle. Uma izikampani zifaka amasubmeter emithombo embalwa njengezinkampana, amaphandla, nemidistillation columns emikhulu, kuyadala amarekodi emisebenzi eyodwa okuyabonisa indawo le-enerji ayisethelwa ngaphandle kokubona. Khumbula izinto njengezinkampana zokuvula nokuvalela ngokushesha kakhulu noma izinkampana zokulahla kuzoba yizinkampana ezinomthwalo wokuhlaza ngokuphakade. Amadashboards asezingxenye zokubona ngokushesha azibonisa kubalulekile ukuthi iprosesi ngayinye iyasebenzisa yini i-power kungafani noma yiziphi izinto ezivela kuyo, futhi kufanele kwenziwe izilinganiso ngexesha lapho izindleko zokusebenzisa i-electricity ziyagcina. Ukubheka emuva kwamadatha esihlobo sakho asibonisa ukuguqula kwezinsuku zokuphakama, futhi isoftwa esihle sibegcina ukubiza ngokuphambuka kwezinkinga phambi kokuthi kuzobonakala ukuphambuka kwezinkinga zokusebenzisa i-enerji.

Ukubheka ukuthi izikhungo zisebenza kahle kangakanani uma ziqhathaniswa namazinga e-ISO 50001 noma amarekhodi azo angaphambilini kusiza ekulinganiseni ukuthuthuka kwangempela. Izitshalo eziningi zibona ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehla cishe ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 lapho zenza lezi zinguquko, futhi ngokuvamile zibuyiselwa imali yazo zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-18. Ucwaningo olwenziwa iPonemon Institute lubonisa ukuthi ukulandela lezi zinhlobo zezinqubo kunganciphisa ukwehluleka kwemishini okungalindelekile cishe ngo-30%, konga izinkampani cishe amaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-740 ngonyaka ngezindleko zikagesi kuphela. Uma izinkampani zifuna ukuqhubeka zenza lezi zinguquko zihlale zikhona, kudingeka zifundise opharetha ukuthi yini esebenza kangcono kakhulu phakathi nezifundo zokuqeqesha. Ukubeka imigomo ecacile njengokulandelela ama-kilowatt-amahora adingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ithani ngalinye le-oksijini ewuketshezi kunikeza wonke umuntu okuthile okucacile okumelwe akuphishekele futhi kwenza kube lula ukubona lapho kunendawo yokusebenza kangcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kubalulekile kuma-ASU?

Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokuqhubeka kuyisisekelo sokusebenza ngokuphelele, kubeka izindlela zokusebenza zingaphansi kakhulu, kunciphisa ukuthi kwenzeke kwezinhloso zemvelo, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngokuphelele kumisebenzi yokuhlukanisa isilawuli.

Izisikhwama zesibonelo sezinkulumo zihlakanisa njani imisebenzi yezinkulumo zokuhlukanisa isilawuli (ASU)?

Izisikhwama zesibonelo sezinkulumo zihlakanisa ngokushesha kuzintambo zokugcina isikhathi esifanayo, kanye nezinye izinkulumo zokusebenza ngokuziqondisa ngokushesha kwezindaba zokuhlanganisa izinto ezithile ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi izinto zokuphatha ziyisisekelo futhi kunciphiswe ukuthi kwenziwe kwezinhloso zokusebenza ngokuphelele.

Ukuthi i-Model Predictive Control (MPC) iyakwenza njani ukuthuthukisa izinkulumo zokuhlukanisa isilawuli (ASUs)?

I-MPC ibona amaphroblemi okusebenza ngokuziqondisa ukuthi isistimu iyasebenza njani futhi iyahlakanisa izinkulumo zokusebenza ukuze kunciphiswe ukuthi kwenziwe kwezinhloso zokusebenza ngokuphelele nokuthuthukisa ukuthi isistimu iyasebenza ngokushesha.

Ukuthi izindlela zokuguqula isikhathi sezinkulumo ziyakwenza njani umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa isilawuli?

Izindlela zokuguqula isikhathi sezinkulumo zivumela izinkulumo ukuguqula ukusebenza kwemotolo ngokuziqondisa ngokuthi kufanele kusenziwe njani ukuze kunciphiswe ukuthi kwenziwe kwezinhloso zokusebenza ngokuphelele futhi kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa isilawuli.

Yini ngu- Izithombe zokugqula isiliva (ASUs)?

Izinkulumo zokuhlukanisa isilawuli (ASUs) ziyizindawo zokusebenza ezinjengezindawo zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo, ezihlanza isilawuli sesinye ngezinye izinqakamba zalo, kakhulu izilawuli zokuxhumana nezilawuli zokuvula, ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlukanisa ngokushesha.