Isithombe Se-Air Sase-Liquids: Umsebenzi Nokusebenzisa

Kungani i-Liquid Izithombe zokugqula isiliva Sekwa: Umsebenzi We-Cryogenic Distillation

Ukugqibela Kwemithombo Nokwahlukaniswa Kwemilingo Yokuqala Kokuvula: Ukuhlukanisa i-Nitrogen, i-Oxygen, ne-Argon

Umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa ngokuchitha kwezinkqubo zokuhlukanisa ngokuchitha kusebenza ngokuhlukanisa i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, ne-argon ngokubonakala kokuba ngubani umgodi uhlukana ngokuchitha kwakhe kumilinga wokuchitha okuhlukeneyo. Okokuqala, umoya wasekhehla uyaphakanyiswa ku-6 bar yamandla kwaye emva koko uyachithwa ku-175 degrees Celsius ukuze uguqulwe ku-moyi oluhlukaniswe. Uma kuchithwa futhi, i-nitrogen iyachitha kuqala ku-195.8 degrees Celsius, emva kwalokho i-argon ichitha ku-185.9 degrees Celsius, kahle i-oxygen ekugcineni ku-183 degrees Celsius. Kunezinkinga eziningi zokuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-nitrogen ne-oxygen ezingama-13 degrees, okuyinto eyenkulu kakhulu ekuphakanyiseni ukuthi izinkqubo zokuhlukanisa ziyasebenza ngokuphelele. Ngokubhekisele lokhu kubhekisele kumilinga okuhlukeneyo, lezo zinkqubo zaseyisikhathi sesibili Izithombe zokugqula isiliva (ASUs) zinakwenzela i-oxygen ne-nitrogen ngokuphelele kungaphezu kwe-99.5%, futhi zibuyisela kungaphezu kwe-95% yezinkqubo zokuhlukanisa i-argon esebenzayo.

Ngani Umoya Oluhlukaniswe Yilohlukanisi Lomkhakha — Ukuziphatha Kwemilinga Ne-Integration Yenjongo

Umoya onamanzi usebenza njengento ebalulekile yokuqalisa imisebenzi emikhulu ye-ASU, hhayi nje ngoba kulula kodwa nangenxa yokuthi usebenza kanjani ngokushisa. Lapho senza umoya ube uketshezi, empeleni sinciphisa ivolumu yawo izikhathi ezingaba ngu-700, okusho ukuthi singawugcina ezindaweni ezincane, sidlulisele ukushisa ngempumelelo, futhi sigcine lezo zinsika zokuxubha zisebenza kahle. Yiqiniso, ukucindezela izinto kudinga amandla amaningi, kodwa kuye kwasungulwa izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokubuyisa okunye kwalokhu kubanda emikhiqizweni efana ne-oksijini ewuketshezi nemifudlana ye-nitrogen. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni izidingo eziphelele zamandla endaweni ethile phakathi kuka-30% futhi mhlawumbe ngisho no-40%. Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo, ukuchithwa kwe-cryogenic kuseyindlela esetshenziswayo ekusebenzeni okukhulu kakhulu ngaphezu kwamathani angu-100 ngosuku, ngoba ezinye izindlela ezinjengama-membrane noma i-PSA azikwazi ukufanisa amazinga okukhipha noma amazinga okuhlanzeka adingekayo. Bheka ngale ndlela: izitshalo ezikhiqiza umoya-mpilo ongu-5 000Nm3/h zingakwazi ukuma kahle endaweni engamahektare ayisithupha, into engenakwenzeka ngobuchwepheshe obunye.

Izinyathelo Zokusebenza Zokwahlukanisa Isilwane Sasezulwini

Ukugcina nokuhlanza: Ukususa i-CO₂, imithi yamafutha, nezinhlangano zezinkhuni ukuze kungavunywe ukufuthwa

I-ASUs iqala ngokugcina isilwane sasezulwini esiphakeme ku-~150 psia (≅10 bar), okuyisiza ukuphakama kwakho ukuze kwenziwe ngokuphelele ekuphambileni. Lesilwane esigcinwe kusha kusha kusha kuya kuzwa kwezinyathelo eziningi zokuhlanza ezizimele ukususa izinto ezingahlanzwa noma ezingaqondi emakhoneni okufuthwa:

• Amaphiltre wezinhlobo asusa amandla nezinhlobo zokusebenza
• Amaphiltre okuhlanza asusa izihlangothi zemoto yomgcino wokugcina
• Amaphiltre okuhlanza okuyingena kona i-alumina ephakeme ne-zeolites esusa imithi yamafutha ne-CO₂

Lokhu kucindeze ukufuthwa kwezikhumba kwezikhumba zokufuthwa futhi kususa ukukhanya kwe-acetylene—okuyizinkinga zokubhukuda kwezindawo eziphelele ngokwesilwane sokuxhumana. Ukuchaza kahle kuyenza ukuthi izikhumba zokuhlanza zisebenze ngeminyaka engu-30–40% kude kakhulu, okuyisiza kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngeminyaka.

Ukuchitha, Ukubweka, nokugcina: Kusukela kwezinye zokuhamba kuizilungile zokuhlwa zokuhlwa

Emva kokuchithwa, izinye zokuhamba zifika kwezinye zokuchitha ngokuphelele, apho zichithwa ku ~°185°C ngokusebenzisa ukuchitha ngokuphambana kwezinye zokuchitha zokuhlwa zokuhlwa zokuchitha ngokuphelele. Inani elincane lizoba ngokubweka ngokuphambana kwezinye zokubweka, libonisa ubukhulu bokuchitha kwe-Joule-Thomson ukuze libe yinkimbinkimbi yokuhlwa. Inkimbinkimbi yezinye zokuhlwa nezinye zokuchitha iyafika kumathuluzi amabili okuchitha:

Izikhala zokuchitha nezikhala zokuchitha ziyasebenza ngokuphambana ukuhlola izinye ngokuphelele. Ukubuyisela kwamandla ngokubweka kubuyisela amandla okuchitha-65–75%; okuyinto ephakathi kwezinye zokuchitha nokusebenza ngokuphelele.

Amasevisi Okusebenza Okuphakeme Wezinkampani Zokuhlanganisa Amagasi

Ukulandela Kwemithombo Yezindustria: Ukwenza Isteeli, Ukwenza Amachemikhali, Nokuhlela Ngamagasi Ne-liquid Oxygen/Nitrogen

Izinkampani zokuhlanganisa amafutha (ASUs) zinikeza izifutha zokwakha nezifutha zolwandle zomoya nezinitrojeni kumazwe amaningi okuphatha umsebenzi wokuphatha imithombo. Faka isikhathi sokuphatha izilwane njengoba kubhekwa. Uma abaphatha izilwane bafaka umoya ngqo emagumbini ephambili noma emagumbini aphambili omoya, bafumana iziphumo eziningi zokufuna. Lokhu kushintsha kancane ukusetshenziswa kwesikoke phakathi kwe-20 kanye ne-30 percent futhi kunciphisa izifutha zomoya wekhabhonu di-oksaidi ngalitoni yezilwane ezisukela. Kusetyenziswa izifutha zolwandle zinitrojeni ekuphatheni izinto zokuchaza kuzo okunconywa ngumoya. Isibonelo sokuqondile siyisikhathi sokuphatha i-ethylene oxide, ngoba noma yizinye izinye zomoya zingasiza kuzenza izindlela zokuhlukanisa ezinconywayo. Izindawo zokuphatha izilwane zihlola futhi uma zisebenzisa umoya othuluzi kakhulu ngaphezu kwe-99.5%. Lezi ziqiniso zisiza kuvuselela izindlela zokuhlukanisa ngokuvuselela kanye nokuhlinza izilwane ngokuvuselela ngaphandle kokuzwa ukuthi izinkampani ziyadlula. Ukusetshenziswa kwezifutha zolwandle akukho kuphela ukuthi kuyasebenza kahle. Ngoba izifutha zolwandle zinika amandla angaphezu kwezinye izifutha kanye nezindlela zokuthenga eziningi, izinkampani ezingena izinkampani zokuhlanganisa amafutha kumsebenzi wabo zibona ukuthi izindlela zokuthenga ziyancipha ngaphezu kwe-40% kulokho okwenza ngokusebenzisa amagumbi kuphela yokuthenga izifutha.

Imisebenzi Yezindawo Ezingaphansi Kwezinkulungwane: Oksijini Yemikhaya, Ukupakisha Kwemiphumela Yokuhlela Isifunda, Nokwenza Kwemikhala Yezibalo

Amadivayisi ahlukanisa umoya enza okungaphezu nje kokukhiqiza inani elikhulu legesi. Empeleni zakha amagesi ahlanzeke ngokweqile abalulekile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke ngempela. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga nge-oxygen esezingeni lezokwelapha. Kumelwe okungenani ibe msulwa ngo-99.5% ngokwezinga le-USP/EP futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezidinga ukusekelwa kokuphefumula noma ezisezigabeni zokunakekela iziguli ezinzima. Isidingo sakhuphuka cishe ngo-25% phakathi nenhlekelele enkulu yezempilo yokugcina. Imboni yokudla nayo incike kakhulu ezimfanelweni ze-nitrogen. Lapho ukudla okupakishwe kugcinwa emaphaketheni asemkhathini (MAP), initrogen ivimbela ukubola ngokuvimbela ukwanda kwama-microbial nokukhula kwawo. Lokhu kusiza ukunweba isikhathi sokugcina ukudla futhi kunciphise inkinga yokulahlwa kokudla cishe ngama-30% kulo lonke leli gatsha. Futhi kukhona ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor lapho izinto ziba nzima nakakhulu. Ukuze kwenziwe lezi zinyathelo, i-nitrogen kumelwe ifinyelele emazingeni okuhlanzeka angu-99.999% (eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlanzeka okungu-5N) nokungcola komoya-mpilo okungaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa yesigidi. Ukuxubha okuqhunyiswa nge-cryogenic kusewukuphela kwendlela ekwazi ukufeza ukunemba okunjalo, okwenza umehluko omkhulu lapho kukhiqizwa ama-wafer e-silicon angenaphutha.

Ukubhalwa kwe-Design nezinkundla zokuphatha kwe-Modern Air Separation Units

Ama-ASU namuhla akhelwe ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kokuma ngisho nalapho izinto ziba nzima ezindaweni zezimboni. Lezi zinhlelo zinezifutho zokuvikela kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezikhethekile ezigcina lezo zinsika ezibandayo kakhulu zisesilinganisweni esiphakathi kuka-plus noma -0.5°C. Lokhu kuzinza kwezinga lokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokuhlukanisa isebenza kahle futhi igcina imikhiqizo yokugcina ihlanzekile futhi imsulwa. Ukuze isakhiwo siqinise, abakhiqizi basebenzisa la mathangi anezingqimba ezimbili ane-vacuum insulation eyenziwe ngensimbi ekhethekile engeke iqhume noma iguge ngisho nasemazingeni aphansi kuka-196 degrees. Uma kuziwa ekulondolozeni amandla, ama-ASU anamuhla empeleni abuyisela ukushisa okuvela ezingxenyeni zokucindezela, anciphise izidingo zamandla ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli amadala. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe emaphephandabeni afana ne-Journal of Cleaner Production luyakusekela lokhu. Esinye isici esihlakaniphile ukuklanywa kwezakhiwo, okuvumela izitshalo ukuba zandise amandla azo kancane kancane futhi zishintshe izingxenye zazo ngesikhathi zisasebenza. Zonke lezi zinqumo zobunjiniyela ezicatshangelwe kahle ziphumela esikhathini sokusebenza esingu-99.6%, okusho ukuthi izibhedlela, izimboni zamakhompiyutha, nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile zingathembela ekutholeni njalo initrogen, umoya-mpilo ne-argon lapho ziyidinga.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Ukuseparatha kwe-criogenic kufuna kanjani?
  Ukuseparatha kwe-criogenic kufuna ngokuhlula umoya ophakanyisiwe ngokushisa kwayo ku-liquid, emva koko ukushisa kwayo ukuze kusawulwe amagasi ngokubonakala kwabo kwe-boiling points.
• Izinhlobo zezindustria zokusebenzisa amagasi okuvulwa?
  Amagasi okuvulwa ayasebenziswa ekwenzeni kwamathilile, ekwenzeni kwemithambo yezinkimika, ekwenzeni kwemithambo, emizini yezempilo, ekwenzeni kwemithambo yokuqondisa isimo sesihlalo, nokwenzeni kwemithambo yezincwadi zezibalo.
• Ubukhulu bekuthinta kwe-modular kwe-ASUs ezintsha kuyiphi?
  Ukuthinta kwe-modular kusiza ukuba kungakhutshwa ukuguqula kwe-capacity noma ukubuyisela amapharti ngaphandle kokuthi ukusebenza kuthinteka, futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ubukhulu bokusebenza nobukhulu bokuphatha.
• Kungani ubukhulu bokuvulwa kwe-oxygen buyisisekelo emizini yezindustria?
  Ubukhulu obukhulu bokuvulwa kwe-oxygen buyisisekelo kuzinzinzinzo zokusebenzisa i-catalyst noma ukuvikela ukuthi i-catalyst ingavuleki emizini yezindustria.
• Izinhlobo zezigasi eziphakanyisiwe kwi- Izithombe zokugqula isiliva (ASUs)?
  Inyanya, oksijini, ne-argon yizinyanya ezinkulu eziqondiswayo kwi-ASUs.