Ithi yini i-Air Separation Unit futhi isebenza kanjani?

Izithombe zokugqula isiliva : Isizikhipha, Umsebenzi Wokuphakade, Nobungo bokusebenza kwezindustria

Izithombe zokugqula isiliva , noma i-ASUs njengoba zibizwa ngokujulile, ziyizindawo ezingakade ezinamaphuzu okukhupha oksijini okuphelele, inyitrogeni, ne-argon kusuka kwezinye izinye zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa ukuthwala isikhathi esihlukene sokugqibela kwesikhathi esihlukene. Lokhu kufuna kanjani? Kuyinto eyodwa ukuthi umsebenzi uqala ngokubeka amandla kwezinye zokusebenza emuva kwalokho ukuzimisa kusukela kumakhulu -196°C. Uma izinye zokusebenza zifika kulemikhulu, ziyagqibela futhi izigas ezihlukene zisepha ngokuthi zihlukene ngokuthi ziqhuma kumikhulu eyodwa. Inyitrogeni iqhuma kuqala ngokuvamile kumakhulu -196, emva kwalokho i-argon kumakhulu -186, futhi ekugcineni i-oksijini kumakhulu -183. Lezi zigas ezisephe zinezinkinga eziningi zokusebenza. Izindawo zokusebenza kwezempilo ziyasebenzisa i-oksijini ephelele ukusiza abantu abanomthwalo wokudlala. Inyitrogeni isivumela ukuthi izinto zibe yisikhathi esihlukene emaphilweni wezichaza futhi isivumela ukuthi izinkampani zokuhlanza izinkampani zikwazi ukuthi zihlanze izinkampani. I-argon ibhekisele kakhulu ekuthwala izintshayelela ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe izinkampani ezihlukene zokuthwala. Izindawo zokuthwala izinkampani, izindawo zokuthwala izinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani, nezindawo zokuthwala izinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani zingakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani. Futhi manje sizibona i-ASUs zisobala kwezindawo eziphatha kakhulu, njengokuthenga i-hydrogen yezinkampani ezihlukene futhi ukuthwala izinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lezi zindawo zingakade zingaba yisikhathi esihlukene kakhulu ekuthwala izinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani zokuthwala izinkampani.

Ukuthi i-Air Separation Units Sebenza Kanjani: Umsebenzi we-Cryogenic Distillation

Kungani kusebenzisa i-cryogenics? Umbono wokuziphatha kwemithamandaba yokugqibela kwe-air nokususelwa

Ukuphakamisa kwezinkulungwane kusebenza kahle kusukela kubonakala ukuthi izigazi esizikhubaza ziyisilinganiso sasinye sizinhlobo futhi azikwazi ukuzinikela ngokuchaza kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi izindlela ezingaphansi zokusebenzisa izimboni noma ukugcina ngokuguqula ipresha zingasebenzi kahle uma kudingeka ukuthola izigazi eziningi nezihlukile kakhulu. Uma abengini bavula isigazi ku-180 degrees Celsius, bafuna ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezincinci zokuvula phakathi kwe-oksijini, i-nitrojini, nesigazi esingaphansi. Umqondo wokuqhubeka wonke unamatheka amaningi okuphakamisa apho isigazi kuphakamiswa kanye nokuvula phakathi kokunye komthetho. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungakanani besigazi ngokulinganisa ngo-700 futhi kuyabuza ukuthi kungaba yisilinganiso sokusebenza ngokulinganisa. Yebo, kufuna amandla angaphezu kwe-200–300 kilowatt hours ukuze kutholwe itoni yamagama yokwenzela oksijini. Kodwa nangokuthi kufuna amandla angaphezu kwe-200–300 kilowatt hours, ukuphakamisa kwezinkulungwane kuyabuyela indlela eyodwa yokwenza oksijini enezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa ngaphezu kwe-99.5% futhi i-nitrojini enezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa ngaphezu kwe-99.999% uma kudingeka ukuthola izigazi ngokulinganisa.

Ukukhishwa kwe-oxygen, i-nitrogen, ne-argon: Ukuphakanyiswa kwezindawo ngokwahlukaniswe emizini yombili

Izinkampani zokuhlanganisa amagama kuzo manje ziyasebenzisa izisifunda sezinkulungwane ezimbili zokuhlanganisa ukuthi baphumelele kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zabo ngokuphatha kwezinhlobo zezinto zokuprodukha nokufika kwezinhlobo zezinto zokubuyisela. Le ndlela iyadlula kuqala kulesisifunda esisibonakalayo njengesifunda sokuphepha kwezinkampani ezingaphansi, esebenza ngemiphumela yezinkampani ezingama-5 ku-6 bar. Lapha, izivuli zokunqoba zokunqoba ziyadlula ngokuphambuka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke izilwane zokunqoba zokunqoba ziyagcina emzini. Le zilwane zazokuphuma ngamathekwane okuqinisa ekuseni lesibili sokuphepha kwezinkampani ezingaphansi, esebenza phakathi kwezinkampani ezingama-1.2 ku-1.5 bar. Umahluko wemiphumela yezinkampani uyakwenza umkhondo wokuchaza okufanele kule ndlela yokuhlukanisa izinto zokuprodukha. I-Argon ibonakala njengendlela eyodwa ngoba iyovula phakathi kwe-nitrogen ne-oxygen. Ngakho-ke iyogcina emaqhinga amathathu ayezihlanganisa amahleliyo aphakathi kwezinkampani zethu zokuphepha kabusha, emva kwalokho iyothunywa ukuze iyonakele kwezinkampani zokuhlanganisa i-argon ezinye. Uma kubhekwa kule ndlela yokudesigna le zinkampani, abasebenzi bafuna izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, njengokuthola umkhakha wokubuyisela okufanele, ukufaka izithayela ezinephansi noma izithayela zokuhlanganisa ezinephansi, futhi ukufaka le zinkampani zokuhlanganisa ezizwele kwe-aluminium ozokubonakalisa ukuthi kubuyiselwa kwezinkampani zokuhlanganisa ezinephansi. Lokhu konke kubhekwa kuthi yini? Sibonakalisa ukuthi isilwane sokunqoba sikhona ngaphezu kwe-99.5%, i-nitrogen isifika kwezinkampani ezingama-5 (99.999%) sokunqoba, futhi izilwane zokunqoba ziyophinda kwezinkampani ezingama-6 (99.9995%). Izinhlobo zokubuyisela ziyaphikisa izinkampani ezingama-99% ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokubuyisela ezinephansi ezitholakala kule ndlela yokudesigna.

Izinqubo Ezibalulekileyo Nezindlela Zokusebenza Zemithombo Yenkulungwane Yokuhlanganisa Amagama

Izinqubo eziphambili zemithombo yokuhlanganisa amagama: Ukuphepha kwamagama, ukucleanswa (izihlangu zemolekyuli), ukuthumela imithwalo, nezincwadi zokuhlukanisa

Izinkampani zokuhlanganisa amafutha okhona kahle zihamba ngemithandazo emine eyodwa. Isinyathelo sokuqala sibhekisele ku-makhomphresha amakhulu okukhupha amafutha okhona kuma-5 kuya kuma-6 bar, okuyenza ukuthi ukugqibela kwamafutha kwenza kahle kusuku lomlandla. Emva kokukhupha kufika ukucleansha ngezinkampani zokuhlanganisa izinto ezingaphansi kwezincwadi ezinamagama amaningi okukhiyela umsho wamafutha, okukhiyela amafutha okhona kuma-moisture, carbon dioxide, nokwezinye izinhlangano zezinkhulumo. Lokhu kungavimba izinkinga njengezinkhomo zokubeka kanye nezinkinga zokuhlaba kwezinye izindawo zokuhlaba kwezindawo ezinhlangothi kwezinkampani. Uma kuchazwe kahle, amafutha okhona ayapha kuma-aluminum heat exchangers apho kuzwa kahle kuma-175 degrees Celsius. Ukuzwa kwenza ngendlela yokuqhubeka ngokuphindaphinda phakathi kwezinto ezenza kusuka, okunakekela amandla amaningi kusukela. Kusukela kwezinye izindleko, kukho izikoloni zokuhlanganisa ezimbili ezenza isebenziso. Iyokuphakama kuyenza i-oxygen ne-nitrogen rich vapor, ngakho-ke isikoloni esiphakeme kancane siyabonisa kahle lezi zinto ukuze ziyenze izinto eziphelele njenge-oxygen ephelele ne-argon. Ngokulingana nezinkampani zokuhlanganisa ezinye ezenza isebenziso esinye kuphela, lokhu kuncane kwezinye izinyathelo kuncane amandla kuma-15 kuya kuma-20 percent ngokwesifundo sezindawo.

Kusuka kuthinta kuze kube kutholakala: Ukugcina, ukuguqula, nokudistribute ngemiyalo

Umsebenzi uqalisa uma sifaka umoya owodlulayo kusendaweni, emva koko sikhupha kanye nokuhlanza. Uma kufakwa kwi-liquid oxygen ne-nitrogen, bafika kumazinkambo okugcina okwespeciale okuzimela ngokupheleleyo, ngokukhala kweminyaka yezinkambo ezingaphezu kwe-minus 183 degrees Celsius. Lezi zinkambo zisebenza njengamabuffer amahle uma kubonakala ukuguqula kokuthenga, okuyisibonelo esihle kuma-industriyeli okufunayo izilungiselelo zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo njengezindawo zokwenza izithayile ezisebenzisa i-basic oxygen furnaces. Uma kufanele kusalelwa lezi zilungiselelo zokuhlanya, kwanza kufa kuma-vaporizers okuvela kwezimo zomoya noma kwe-steam, emva koko kufa kuma-pipelines okwesiphambano. Izinhlangano zokulungiselela umsindo zihlela ukuthi kuthunyelwe kuphi ngokuchaza kwezidingo zama-customer, okuhlinzeka ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezilungiselelo kubhekene ne-99.9%. Izindlela zokulungiselela umsindo wokuphefumula ezintsha njengezinkinga zokugcina okuhle kanye nokubhukha kwezinye izigaba zokuhlanya kunciphisa izilungiselelo ngokupheleleyo ngo-30% kulokho okwenziwa ngokwesikhathi esidala, okwenza ukusebenza kubhekene nezinkinga zokuphefumula kubhekene nezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Izinkinga Zokusebenza: Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla, Izilimi Zokuphakanyiswa, Nokudesigna Okufana Nokusebenza

Ukuthola okulinganayo kwe-ASU (Air Separation Unit) kuthetha ukubonakalisa izisifundo zokudesigna kwezinto ezingahleli zokugcina, ngakho akukho kuzoba kubhekene nesilinganiso esiphelele sokuphakanyiswa. Kuyinto ekhona, ukubhekana nokuphakanyiswa kungaba kubiza amandla angaphezu kwezinkulungwane. Ngokuchaza u-nitrogen: ukuthola lezi zinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zokuphakanyiswa (>99.99%) ezidingekayo kwezindustria zokwenza izinto zokusebenza kwemithombo yezibalo kubiza amandla angaphezu kwe-40–50% kunokuthola u-oxygen ophakanyisiwe ngaphezu kwe-99.5% okusetyenziswa kwezindustria zokugcina izinto zokudla. Ukuphakanyisa ngaphezu kwezidingo zokusebenza kuyabiza imali nezindlela zokusebenza. Kodwa ngaphakathi kwezinye izikhathi, ukungafiki izimali emininini kungabangela izinkinga eziphezulu emuva. Isikhalo esincinci sokuxhumana kwe-oxygen singasimula izihlathule zokwenza izinto zokusebenza zokusebenza kwezibalo futhi singasimula izinto zokusebenza zokubhukha zokuhlanganisa izinto zokusebenza zokubhukha. Ukuthola isikhundla esihle phakathi kweziqulelo nezinkokhelo kuyisinkinga esiphakeme kakhulu kwezindustria zokusebenza kwezinye izigas.

Ukudesign okuhle kusiza ekunciphiseni amandla angavunyelwa. Amachinisi okugcina amandla okuqondwa ngokutshona ayagcina ngokuguqula xa kunezinguquko zokufuna. Amakholuma kunokubhekwa ngendlela eyodwa futhi ukuze izinkampani zizidele ubukhulu bazo kusukela kusukela. Futhi ukubheka imiphumela yokuvala ngokushesha kuyasiza abasebenzi ukuguqula isikhathi sokwenza izinto ezilungile ngokushesha, okunciphisa amandla angavunyelwa ngo-15–25%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhumba zezindlela zokuhlola eziphatha kahle ziyadlula ngokuphakade phakathi kokucwashwa nokuzimisa impurities ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuthi ukuthi ubukhulu bezinto ezilungile buya kubeka ubukhulu obuhle futhi izindawo zisewa ngokuphakade ngaphandle kokungafanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinkampani zokuhlola amandla zisebenza nini?
Izinkampani zokuhlanganisa amagasi zisebenzisa ukuproducwa kwezinye izigasi ezihlukene njenge-oxygen, nitrogen, ne-argon ozikhethekile kubizika emakhaya okugcina abantwana, emaphilisini esifundo, emaphilisini wezichaza, kanye nezinye izindawo zokusebenza.

Ukuthi ukudisthileya kwesikhathi sokuchitha kusenza kanjani kuzinkampani zokuhlanganisa amagasi?
Ukudisthileya kwesikhathi sokuchitha kusenza ngokuchitha komkhosi wamagasi okugcinwa ngemilingo enkulu, okuvumela ukuthi liyakwenzeka ngendlela yomgca. Emva kwalokho, izigasi zihlanganiswa ngokwahlukanisa kwezinye iziqu zokuchitha zabo.

Kungani ukuthenga kwamandla kuyisibonelo? izithombe zokugqula isiliva ?
Ngoba umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa izigasi kwamagasi ngokuchitha kuyisibonelo sokuthenga kwamandla, futhi kuyisibonelo sokulandela ukuthenga kwamandla nokuhlukahluka kwezinye iziqu zokuchitha okufanele kuzinhlaka zokusebenza ukuze kunciphiswe izindleko kanye nezimpacto zokugcina umhlaba.