Isiqhuphuko Sokulungisa Isithuthi Sokuhlanzwa Kwamanzi

Yokuphatha Isithuthiwa Sehlobo Lomoya Umthambo Wokulungisa

Ukulungisa Ngaphambili vs. Ukulungisa Ngaphambi Kwe- Izithombe zokugqula isiliva

Ukugcinwa kwezinto kusengaphambili okuvamile kusebenza ngokwezigaba ezihleliwe lapho ochwepheshe beshintsha khona izihlungi, ama-grease bearing, noma balungise izingxenye ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala. Kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-30 ale misebenzi ehleliwe ayidingeki, okudala amathuba engeziwe amaphutha futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangele nokulimala okungalindelekile phakathi nalokho okufanele kube ukunakekelwa okuvamile. Ukugcinwa kwezinto kusengaphambili kusebenzisa indlela ehlukile ngokusebenzisa idatha eqondile evela ezinzwa ezilandelela izinto ezinjengokudlidliza, izinga lokushisa, nezinguquko zengcindezi ukuze kutholakale izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezinkulu. Lapho sisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile ezifana namayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya, le ndlela ehlakaniphile ikhulisa ukuthembeka kwemishini cishe ngo-25%. Izindlela zokuhlonza kusenesikhathi zibamba izinkinga ezinjengamabhere agugile ngokuqapha ukudlidliza, okuvumela ukulungiswa kwenzeke phakathi nezinkathi zesondlo ezihleliwe esikhundleni sokuphoqa ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo okungahleliwe okuphazamisa ukusebenza.

Imithambo Yokubheka Okwenzekileyo Ngaphakathi Kwemithambo Yokuqondisa Kwe-ASU Ezingcono

Ukunika umthambo wokubheka owodwa ngokubhekana nezinkinga kusiza ukuthi imithambo yokuhlanganisa amafutha ibe yisifundo esihle ngemva kwezinsuku. Kuma-compressor, ukubheka i-oil ngasinye isiqu seshumi nesibhozo kusiza ukuthi kubonwe izinkinga zokuguqula kwe-viscosity nezinkomo zezinto ezincane phambi kokuthi zibe yizinkinga ezingcono. Ukugcina okungcono kungaba nokuthi kubhishelwe emva kweminyaka engu-140,000 USD, ngakho-ke ukubheka ngokuphelele kuyenza ubuhle bokusebenza. Ukubheka ngasinye isiqu kuma-heat exchangers kuyisisekelo sokuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele njengoba lapho izinto ezingavali zibeka kumaphakathi kwayo, ukuthi ukuthembeka kwezindawo zokuchitha kufela phakathi kwe-12 ne-18% ngonyaka. Imipha yocansi yezindawo zokuchitha kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele futhi. Ukubheka ukuthi kunezikhumba ngasinye isiqu ngokusebenzisa i-helium kusiza ukuthi kungabhekwe ukuthi kubeka kwe-oxygen okungcono. Amakhompani athi abhekene nalesi simo sokubheka kuma-distillation columns, ama-cold boxes, kanye nama-adsorption systems abona ukuthi kubeka kwezindlela zokugcina zingaphezu kwe-40% ngokubhekana nezindlela zokugcina zokungabi nayo ngokuvamile ngokubhekana nezimfundo zasezindaweni zasePonemon ngo-2023.

Akukho amalinki angaphandle akhulwe: konke okubhekwe kuleli qiniso kwakhabhekwe authoritative=falsengokwemithambo yokuhambisana.

Ukuphatha Kwezinqakamba Zokugcina Kwesikhumba Sokushisa

Ubukhulu Bekhabinethi Yokushisa: Ukuphatha Umkhawulo Wokushisa Nokuvikela Ukuhlanza

Ubuqotho bamabhokisi abandayo ngokuvamile abulahleki ngenxa yokwehluleka okukodwa kodwa kunalokho buyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokukhathala okubangelwa ukuqala nokuma okuqhubekayo esikubona nsuku zonke. Ukushisa nokupholisa okuphindaphindiwe kubeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu ezisekelweni zamapayipi nasezingxenyeni ezihlanganisiwe, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwalezo zikhala ezincane ngokushesha kunalokho obekulindelekile. Ukuze kutholakale lezi zingxenyana ezincane ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezinkulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-helium kwekota ngayinye kusewumgomo wokuthola izingxenyana ezincane kunomamilimitha. Ukuthwebula izithombe ezishisayo kuyasiza nalapho kuqalwa izinhlelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Lisibonisa lapho ukuphohla kungenzeki khona ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo, ngokuvamile likhomba izindawo lapho ukufakwa kwezinto kungaphumelelanga noma umswakama ungene khona. Izinzwa ze-acoustic ezibekwe ezindaweni ezibucayi zinikeza impendulo eqhubekayo yokuthi isakhiwo siqhubeka kanjani. Uma kuziwa ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuphila, ukuqinisa amaphuzu okuqinisa kwenza umehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa kahle kusukela ekuqaleni. Ama-balloon aguquguqukayo afakwe ezindaweni ezicindezelayo asiza nasekutholeni ukunyakaza okungase kulimaze izixhumi. Ungakhohlwa nokuhlanza initrogen ngesikhathi sokulungisa. Ngaphandle kokuhlanza kahle, kwakheka iqhwa ngaphakathi kohlelo oludla ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela futhi kufihle izinkinga zokugqwala ezizokwenza kube nezinhlungu ezinkulu ekhanda kamuva.

Ukucinga Kwemithambo Yekholomu Yokuhlanzwa Nokuphutha Kwezinkundla

Ukubaluleka kwezincwadi, ukuthi zingakhathazeki njani ngokugcina ukuthi zingasemthwakweni, nokuthi zingakhathazeki njani ukugcina ukubaluleka kwemithwakwi yezinkwadi zonke zizoba yisiphumo esibalulekileyo kusukela kuzo zingahlanganisa izinto ngokuphelele. Ngamnye aminyaka sinadinga ukuchaza ukuthi ukubaluleka kwezincwadi kuyaphila emhlabathini yezinkwadi ezingaba phakathi kwe-3mm ngokuphakeme noma ngokuvamile. Uma kuhamba ngaphezulu kwalokho, izinto zihlukunyezwa — umoya nomnqanqane asahlanganisi ngokuphelele, okungaba yindlela yokuphula ukuphula kwe-oxygen ngokuphakeme kwe-6%. Ukuchaza ubude bamacala apho amasi ayahlukunyezwa, ikakhulu emacaleni apho amasi ayahlukunyezwa, ukuchaza ubude ngokusebenzisa ukuchaza ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasonic kuyasebenza kahle kakhulu. Futhi uma sizobona izikhumba ezincinci emacaleni apho amasi ayahlukunyezwa, ukuchaza ngokusebenzisa i-dye penetrant kuyasebenza kahle kakhulu. Hlola ukuthi ukuphula kwezincwadi kuyaphila ngaphezulu kwe-10% ngeminyaka yezinkulungwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinto ezihlukunyezwa noma zihlukunyezwa ngokuphakeme futhi kufanele zilungwe ngokushesha. Ukuchaza ubude bamacala ngokuphelele nokubeka ukuthi izincwadi ziyabona ukuthi zinamandla okubaluleka kuyasebenza kahle ukugcina ukuthi umnqanqane uyabona ukuthi uyaqhubeka ngokuphelele nokugcina ukuthi umnqanqane uyabona ukuthi uyaqhubeka ngokuphelele. Abasebenzi bafanele bakhangane kakhulu nezincwadi ezikwisikhundla sesibonelo se-argon ngoba lokhu kukhona kuphela kwezinto ezihlukunyezwa ngokuphakeme kwezinto ezihlukunyezwa ngokuphakeme kwezinto ezihlukunyezwa ngokuphakeme kwezinto ezihlukunyezwa.

Ukuphatha i-System Yekhutha Ngokupheleleyo Yokusebenza Kwezinkampani Zokuhlanganisa Amadolo

Izindlela Eziningi Zokuphatha Ukufutha Kwesikhombisa Sokugqibela Nokubuyisela Isikhombisa Ngokwesibonelo

Ukungcola kuseyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kokusebenza kahle kokushisa kwamagumbi okuhlukanisa umoya, kunciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-25 futhi kwenze ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhuphuke kakhulu. Uma kuziwa ekuboneni izinkinga kusenesikhathi, ukuqapha ingcindezi ehlukile phakathi kwabashintshi bokushisa kuyasebenza kangcono. Izitshalo eziningi ziyaqaphela ukuthi lapho ingcindezi inyuka ngamaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-15 kunamazinga avamile, lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kuzoqala ukwehla ngokushesha futhi okuthile kudinga ukulungiswa. Ukuze uhlanze, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kunama-scale amaminerali aqinile namafutha agxilile ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ukuba uhlukanise konke. Enye indlela ukuvuselela ukushisa okulawulwayo cishe kuma-degree Celsius angu-200 kuya kwangu-250 okubhubhisa izinto eziphilayo ezisele. Izitshalo ezenza ukuhlola ukushisa kwe-infrared kube ingxenye yokugcinwa kwazo njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu zivame ukubhekana nokuvalwa okungazelelwe okuncane ngamaphesenti angu-30. Ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi zindlela kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kokushisa phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-92 no-95, okwenza izinkampani zonge cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-8 emali yamandla ngonyaka ngokwemibiko yezimboni.

Ukuhlelwa Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza Kwesikhombisa Somolekyuli (PPU) Nobukhulu Bekususa

Amasikhombisi we-molecular sieve, okusho kakhulu ngokuthi ama-Pre-Purification Units noma ama-PPU ngokufuphi, kufuneka kubhalwe ngokuzimisela kwezikhathi zokusebenza kabo uma sifuna ukuthola isiphumo esihle kakhulu kubo ngaphandle kokuthi sibhalela amandla ekuseni kwezikhathi zokususa izinhlobo. Ukuze kuhlanganise isiphumo sokususa izinhlobo ngaphezulu kwe-98%, kunezinto ezintathu eziphakeme kuphela ezifuneka zisebenze ngokuhlanganisa. Okokuqala, isikhati sokugcina kufuneka sibe phakathi kwezikhathi ezincinci zokugcina phakathi kwe-250 kuye ku-300 degrees Celsius ekuseni kusukela konke umsindo wasekhaya ukuhlanza kabusha. Okwesibili, ukujabulisa amaqhinga kwe-carbon dioxide ngokushesha kusiza ukuphakamisa lapho kufanele sikhethe phakathi kwezikhathi zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo. Okwesithathu, ukujabulisa ngokuthe ngokuvamile izinguquko zempilo phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza kusiza ukubona iziproblemi njengezindlela zokusebenza ezingafanayo noma iziproblemi zokugcina. Uma abalungisi bafaka amasensha we-moisture emadlini, bafunda ukuthi bakhula izikhathi zokusukela ngaphezulu kwe-10 kuya kwe-15 percent ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokuzimisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bavula amagasi okususa ngaphezulu kwe-12 kuya kwe-18 percent, kodwa bakhula ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-oxygen buya kubekhona ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kwe-99.999 percent ngokuphakeme kakhulu.

Ukuhlonipha Kwe-Compressor kanye Nezinkhulumo Zokusekela Kwe-Cryogenic

Ukuchaza Kwemithi, Ukujabulisa Ukubuka Kwe-Vibration, kanye Nokuhlonipha Kwe-Seal Kwe-ASU Compressors

Ukuthembeka kwama-compressor kumayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya kuncike ezicini ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuxilonga ezingenakunakwa. Okokuqala, ukuhlaziywa kukawoyela kusiza ekuboneni izinkinga kusenesikhathi ngokubona izinsimbi eziguga njengensimbi nethusi, kanye nezimpawu zokuxubana nokungcola. Lokhu kwenza amaqembu okugcina izinto zisesimweni esihle akwazi ukwenza okuthile ngaphambi kokuba kube nomonakalo omkhulu kuma-bearings noma kuma-gear. Okwesibili, ukuqapha ukudlidliza ngokusebenzisa ama-accelerometer afakwe emaqenjini e-rotor kubonisa izinkinga ezifana nokungalingani, ukungalingani, nezinkinga zokuzwakala njengoba kwenzeka. Idatha yomkhakha ibonisa ukuthi le ndlela inciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kwesiphehla-mlilo esingalindelekile cishe ngo-23%. Okwesithathu, ukuhlola ukuphelela kwe-seal ngezindlela ezinjengokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwe-helium nokulinganiswa kokuwohloka kwengcindezi kuvimbela umswakama ukuba ungene futhi kuvimbele umoya ocutshungulwe ukuba ungaphumeleli. Zombili lezi zinkinga zingalimaza ngempela ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-cryogenic futhi ziphazamise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Uma zihlanganiswa, lezi zindlela zokuxilonga zakha uhlelo oluqinile lokulondoloza olukhombisa ukuthi isikhathi esiphakathi kokulungiswa siyandisa, kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kube ngcono ngethani ngalinye likagesi elikhiqizwayo, futhi ngokuvamile kwenza ama-ASU aqine kakhulu ekusebenzeni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani ukugcinwa kokubikezela kuthandwa ngaphezu kokugcinwa kokugwema ama-ASU?

Ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo kusengaphambili kuyathandwa ngoba kusebenzisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kutholakale izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe imisebenzi yokugcina isakhiwo engadingekile futhi kuncishiswe amathuba okuphutha komuntu.

Ukugcinwa kanjani kwebhokisi elibandayo liphephile?

Ukugcinwa kwebhokisi elibandayo kugcinwa ngokuphathwa kokukhathazeka okushisayo, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuvuza kwe-helium, ukuqapha umsindo, nokuhlanzwa kwe-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.

Iyiphi indima edlalwa abashintshi bokushisa ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-ASU?

Izishintshi zokushisa zibalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kokushisa. Ukuqapha nokuhlanza njalo kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukungcola, okunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukuhlaziywa kukawoyela kungawusiza kanjani umshini wokucindezela?

Ukuhlaziywa kukawoyela kusiza ekuboneni kusenesikhathi izinsimbi ezigugile, i-oxidation nokungcola, okuvumela ukungenelela ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okukhulu kuma-compressor.

Iziphi ezinye zezindlela ezivamile zokuhlola a iyunithi yokuhlukanisa izisistimu zezinye?

Iziprothokholi eziphathelene ngokujulile zihlanganisa ukubheka kwe-oli yezikhathi zokusebenza kwe-compressors, ukubheka kwe-heat exchangers ngomnyaka ngamnyaka, nokubheka kwe-leak ngeminyaka emibili yezipipe zokuphatha izinkokhelo zokugcina.