Ukuphatha Kwezinkampani Zokugcina Amasiko

Ukuthabatha Kwemali Ekhubazekileyo Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza Ngokuphakeme

Izinkampani zokusebenza ngokuphakeme zisebenza kumgqa wokugcina okuphakeme kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezindustria. Izintemperetsha eziyophakama ku-196°C emuva, ukuguqula kwesintemperetsha okukhomba konke amaphuzu okuzwela, nokusendleleni kokusebenza okunakho izinto ezingafanele ezinakho ukufa noma ukuvulwa ngaphakathi—lolu sikhundla esingasenziyo ukuzibophezela. Kodwa amakhampu amaningi ayisebenzisa ukuzibophezela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuphakeme njengokuthi akuyiyo isikhundla esiphambili, futhi yisikhundla esiyifuna lapho ukusebenza kushintsha noma izilumkiso ziyagqoka. Lokhu kukhomba imali eningi kunezinkampani eziningi zizazi.

Umhlango we-2023 wamakhampu aye-LNG kweGulf Coast wabonisa ukuthi isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngaphandle kwokuplanwa okuthi kusindiswa ngokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuphakeme kwasemthwakathini 87 amahora ngonyaka ngalokho kwenye ikhampu . Ngamathuba amaningi aye-LNG, lokhu kuthiwa ngamalitha amaningi okukhupha umsebenzi. Izingcazelo zokuthi kusindiswa akayi zingcazelo zokuthi kusindiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza—kuzoba izinkinga eziphawulekile: izihlangothi zokuhlanza okuzimelwe, izihlangothi zokuzwela ezingadliwe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuphakeme, nokuthi kusindiswa kwezinye izinto ezinamandla kwezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka.

Yini Ekhuluma Ukuthi Ukuphatha Kwesikhathi Sokuchitha Kuyahlukene

Ukuphatha izinkampani ngemperichure esikhathini sokuchitha ayikho kuphela ukusebenza emhlabeni okubomvu ngezinto zokuhlinzekileyo eziningi. I-physics esibonakalayo iyagqibela kahle. Amathambo angasebenza kahle emhlabeni yokuqala ayabecala futhi ayazimela ukuthi abe ngokuzimela emperichure ya-162°C. Ukuchitha kwemperichure kwenza amaphuzu okufana nokungafani emhlabeni yokuqala. Futhi imiphumela yekhuthazelo ayikho kuphela ukuthi isithu sishiywa—kuyizwe ukuchitha kwezinye zemperichure zomhlaba ku-ice plugs okungablocka amalayini wezinkampani nezivali zokuphatha.

Indlela yokuphatha kufanele ibe yindlela eyakhiwe ngokwaleli zinto. Izinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphambili, eziyakhiwe ngokwemiphumela yezinkampani ezihlukene emhlabeni yokuqala, ayizihlanganisi kahle. Isikomphresha esisebenza kahle ngemahora angu-8,000 emhlabeni yokuqala singabonisa ukuthi ubhele buphethwe ngemahora angu-4,000 lapho isigas sesikhathi sokuchitha siya-150°C, ngoba iviskosi yelubricant iyagqibela futhi amaphuzu weshafth ayagqibela.

Imiphumela Yezinqumo Zokusebenza Ngokwesikhathi Sokuchitha

Phakathi nomsebenzi wokususa imfuhlumfuhlu endaweni yokuthekelisa i-LNG eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iqembu lemisebenzi laphawula ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwesishintshisana ukushisa esikhathini sezinyanga ezingu-18. Uhlelo lwesitshalo lwe-mixed refrigerant lwaludinga amandla amaningi ukuze lufinyelele izinga elifanayo lokukhiqiza i-LNG. Umqondo wokuqala kwakuwukuthi i-refrigerant yayihamba. Kodwa ukuhlaziywa kokwehluka kwamazinga okushisa okushintshanisa kwaveza indaba ehlukile.

Inkinga yangempela kwakuwukugqwala kancane kancane ekugcineni okubandayo kwesishintshi sokushisa esiyinhloko se-cryogenic. Ama-hydrocarbon asindayoamanani okudlula ayehambe esigabeni sokucubungula ngaphambiliayeqhwa futhi aqoqana ezindaweni zokudlulisa ukushisa. Lolu ungqimba lwalunciphile, mhlawumbe lungamamilimitha ambalwa, kodwa emazingeni okushisa acwebile ngisho nocezu oluncane oluthambile lulimaza ukusebenza kahle kokushisa. Ukulungisa lokhu kwakudinga umjikelezo olawulwayo wokufudumala nokupholisa ukuze kuhlume ama-deposits, inqubo eyathatha izinsuku ezinhlanu futhi yabiza opharetha cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-2,5 ngokulahlekelwa ukukhiqiza.

Lo mbhalo walesi uyabonisa indlela eyinkulu: ukugcina kwe-cryogenic kuyisibonelo sokwazi kwemithambo yeprosesi njengoba kuyisibonelo sokwazi kwemiphumela yezinto ezihlukene. Ukufutha akawube umphumela wokugcina kwemikhili—kubhekisele kubuhle bokuhlukanisa okubhekisele kubuhle bokusebenza kwemithambo.

Ukubanga Umthwalo Wokugcina Owenzekayo Ngempela

Ukugcina kwe-cryogenic okunembile kusobala ngokusebenzisa izinkampani ezinokubiza umbuzo omuhle. Ukubala kwemithambo emaphakathini amaningi kwe-heat exchangers, ukubala kwemiphumela yokuqondana phakathi kwe-filters ne-demisters, nokubala kwemiphumela yokuqondana kwezinqobo ezenza isebenza emithambo encane. Lezi zinhlobo zedatha, uma ziqondwa ngendlela enembile, zinokubiza ngokuthe ngezinkinga eziphuma.

Izintonga zokusebenzisa izinto zokulungisa kufanele ziguqulwe ngokubasede kwezinhloko zokusebenza ngempela, akasibonakalise kuphela kwezinhloko zokuphatha izinto zokulungisa. Umsebenzisi omunye e-Permian Basin waguqula ukusebenzisa izinto zokulungisa ngokubasede kwezikhathi zokusebenza kuze kubase kwezinhloko zokusebenza ngokubasede kwezinhloko zokusebenza ngokubasede kwezinhloko zokusebenza, ukuphakama kwezintonga zokusebenza kusukela kwe-12 iminyaka kuze kubase kwe-18 iminyaka futhi ukunciphisa ukungafanele kwezinkundla. Isidingo esisodwa sibe yokuqinisa izinhloko zokusebenza nokusebenzisa kubo kabefore kuba ziyizinkinga eziningi.

Ukuvula Kwesikhathi Sokuhlala Kusenqumeni

Ukugcina kwezinsiza zokusebenza ngokungafanele kuyisibonelo sokuthi izinkampani zokuphatha izinkampani ziyasebenza noma zihlupheka kakhulu. Ukubringa isistimu yesikhalo esikhulu kusukela ekuseni lwezinsiza kusukela ekuseni lwesikhathi sokusebenza kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuphatha okuhle ukuvikela ukuthi isistimu ishwe ngokushwe. Isifundo sokusebenza ngokujwayelekile sokugcina kuyizinkampani zokusebenza ngokungafanele kuyi-50°C ngamahora, nakuba izindlela zokugcina ziyahlukahluka ngokwesithembiso sezinto ezisemthwakathini nezinhlobo zazo.

Ukugcina kakhulu kwenza ukuthi kubhekwe izinkinga zokugcina okuzoba kubhekwa kusukela emaphakathini kanye nezinkampani zokugcina. Umkhakha waseNtshonalanga kaNingizimu Afrika wabona lokhu ngendlela engeyona yomphumela wakhe xa ukugcina kakhulu kwenza ukuthi isistimu yesikhalo sishwe futhi isikhombisa sokugcina sishwe. Ukulungisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuphuma kwesistimu yonke ngeminyaka mibili. Izinkampani zokuphatha zazisayela ukuthi kufuneka kugcinwe ngemihora e-24. Kodwa umsebenzi wazigcina ngemihora e-12 ukuze akwazi ukufika ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukufika ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwaselwa ngaphandle.

Izindaba zokusebenza ngokujwayelekile nezindaba zokuphatha okuhle kwezinkampani zokusebenza ngokungafanele

Izindinganiso eziningana zomkhakha zinikeza izinhlaka eziwusizo. I-ASME B31.3 ihlanganisa izidingo zamapayipi ezinsizakalo ze-cryogenic, kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kokushisa ngemuva kokushisela kanye nezidingo zokuhlolwa kokushayisana. I-API 579 inikeza isiqondiso mayelana nokuhlolwa kokulungela ukusebenza kwemishini eye yabhekana namazinga okushisa we-cryogenic. I-Compressed Gas Association ishicilela i-CGA G-4.1 mayelana nokuhlanzwa kwemishini ye-oxygen, efanelekile ngqo kumayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya aphatha imisinga ye-oxygen ehlanzekile.

Lezi zindinganiso akuzona uhlu lokuhlola - zingamathuluzi okusekela izinqumo. Ubuchwepheshe bangempela busekwazi ukuthi kufanele usebenzise nini ukuthi iyiphi indinganiso nokuthi ungayichaza kanjani imiphumela esimweni esithile sokusebenza.

Indlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha ukuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha kufuna izinto eziningi ezingafuneki. Okokuqala, baphathe amabhalo amaningi ngokuchitha kwesikhathi sokugcina ngokuchitha kwezinto zokusebenza zonke ezinkulu. Okwesibili, bavule isikole sokuphatha umoya wokusebenza nokugcina ngokuchitha kwezinto zonke—umoya wokusebenza nokugcina ngokuchitha akuyi ndlela yokuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha. Okwesithathu, bavakashela ngokubona izinsiza zokugcina ngokuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha, bakhumbula izinyathelo zokudala kwezicebe noma ukusheba okukhomba ukungafani kwezinsiza zokugcina. Okwesine, bavakale izindlela zokuphatha ukuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha nokuphatha ukuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha okuzofundwa ngokuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha, akuzofundwa ngokuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha.

GreenFir iyathola ubude bakwezinto zokusebenza ngokugcina ngokuchitha, nezindlela zokufaka izinto zokugcina ngokuchitha okuzosindisa ukubuyisela kwezinto ezibalulekileyo lapho kufuneka kubuyiselwe, futhi nezindlela zokuphatha izinto zokugcina ngokuchitha okuzosindisa abasebenzi ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphatha zokugcina ngokuchitha okuzizimele ngokuchitha kwezinto zokusebenza zabo.