Amasulutioni we-Plant ye-Gas eziyenzelwe konke

Umbuzo wokugcina isikhathi: Kungani abasebenzisi bapha kusukela ekuthengeni kwezinto ngokuphelele

Ukubanga indawo yokusebenzisa igasi kuyisahluko sokuthengiselwa kwezinto eziningi—kunye nesifundo, kanye nokuthenga kwamathuba, kanye nokubanga, kanye nokufaka ukusebenza. Ngisho noma yikuphi ukuthengiselwa kunezikhathi zayo, nezinkqubo zayo zokuxhumana, kanye nezinhlobo zokuhlukana. Umphathi uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlonipha izindawo, ukuxhumana nabantu abangakwazi ukuthi bakhululeke ukwenza umsebenzi wabanye.

Abasebenzisi abaningi bafuna umbuzo omnye: ukuthi kungani umuntu oyedwa akhuluma konke? Indlela yokugcina isikhathi—lapho umthengisi oyedwa uyakhuluma ngokuphatha, ukuthenga, ukubanga, nokufaka ukusebenza—yadlula kusukela kumfanekiso wokuthengiselwa okungcono kuya kumfanekiso wokuthengiselwa okuphakeme. ulolwazi luyisodwa: ukuthi umuntu oyedwa uyakhuluma ngokuphatha uyanciphisa ukuhlukana kwebasebenzisi, uyanciphisa izikhathi, kanye uyasusa ukuthi abantu babambisana ngokuthi abanye bayenzela amaphutha emisebenzi yezindawo eziningi.

Into Kuthethwa Ngokuphathwa Kwesikhathi Sokugcina

Isibonelo sokugcina sithetha izinto ezinye kubabili abaningi. Kukhuluma ngemithombo yezinye, isibonelo esihle sokugcina sisebenza ngokuphelele kwezindlela zokusebenza. Ukuphatha kufaka ukuphatha kwemithombo, ukuchaza amasipho, nokufakwa kwezindlela zokuphatha nezindlela zokuhlanganisa izinkampani. Ukuthenga kufaka ukuthenga kwezinto eziphelele—izinkampani zokuphatha, izinkampani zokuhlukanisa, izinkampani zokugcina, izinkampani zokuvula, nezinkampani zokuphatha—kanye nezinto ezingazihlukananga okungakhathalela isikhathi sokugcina. Ukubuyisa kufaka ukubuyisa kwezindawo, ukufaka kwezinkampani zokugcina, nokubuyisa kwezindawo zokugcina. Ukugcina kufaka ukuphatha kwezindawo zokugcina, ukuphatha kwezindawo zokugcina, nokuphatha kwezindawo zokugcina.

Isibonelo sokugcina asiyi ukuphatha kuphela. Kuyi ukuthinteka kokuziphatha. Uma umuntu omunye uyaphatha konke ukuphatha kwezindawo, akukho indlela yokuthinta ukuthi "akuyi le nto esithethayo". Umthengisi wokugcina uyaphatha isiphumo, akuyi isiqephu esinye kuphela.

Isibonelo Sokugcina NeSikhathi Sokugcina

Izinombolo zihambisana nokuguqula. Ukuhlaziya okwakhiwe ngokwaye kwezindlela zokusebenza zemithambo yegasi ezenziwe phakathi kweminyaka ya-2018 ne-2023 kubonisa ukuthi izindawo ezizakhiwe ngokuphathelene nesifundo (turnkey) zazikhipha izimali ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-8% yezimali, ngaphandle kwezizakhiwe ngendlela eyodwa (conventionally) eziphakanyiswa ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-22%. Ukuphatha kwesikhathi kubonisa isibonelo esifanayo: izindawo zokuphathelene nesifundo (turnkey) zazikhipha isikhathi ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-10% yezikhathi zokuplaneni, ngaphandle kwezindawo zokusebenza ngamaphepha amaningi (multi-contractor) eziphakanyiswa ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-35% yezikhathi zokuplaneni.

Lezi zizinga zokuthetheka. Zibonisa umlando wokusebenza ukuthi ukuphatha izihlalo kuyinto eyakhiwa phakathi kweminye imithambo yezindaba ezinokubangela ukuphula imali nezikhathi. Kwenquma yezinkampani eziningi, yonke indlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlobo ziyakwenzeka ukuba yisimo sokufa. Indlela yokugcina yonke into (turnkey) iyakhuluma lezi zinhlobo ngaphakathi, futhi iyabeka lezi zinhlobo njengesibopho sasekhaya esingasiza, akasiyona sibopho sesibhukhu.

Isibonelo Esivamile: Ukuthuthukisa Igas Yasekhanda

Umsebenzi waseMyanmar wasekuphakathi kwamagasi wabonisa ubukhulu bekho lokugcina yonke into (turnkey) ngendlela efanele . Umphathi wafuna isikhumbuzi sekhasi esinomkhawulo we-30 MMscfd emsindleleni engekho amandla asekhaya, akukho unyango lwesikhumbuzi esedlule, futhi kunezikhathi eziphakeme ukuthi kusuke kusukela kumthambo wokuphatha. Indlela yokuqonda—ukuthumela amabhizinisi amaningi okuthatha i-engineering, amathayile, nokubhakha—kuzoba kuthathe izinsuku ezingu-28 ukuze kusuke kusukela kumthambo wokuphatha kuze kube nesikhathi sokusuka.

Isilungelo sokugcina-ku-sibonelo sasinda indawo ngeminyaka eyisikhombisa nezinsitha. Umthwali wokusebenza wamela konke: ukuplanisha umsebenzi emakhaya akhe, ukwenza izinkampani ekuhlanganeni kwakhe, ukwakha kwe-moduli okukhula ukusebenza kwindawo, nokuthuthukisa isitolo esisindwa ngokuphatha ukuzimisa. Isitolo sesikhathi somphathi wasenziwe ngokucacile—akakwazi ukumela izinkampani eziningi zezincwadi zokusebenza noma ukubhekana nemiphumela phakathi kwe-engineering nezokwakha.

Ukuchaza okuhambisana ngokuphelele akayi kuphela ukushisa. Kuyi-uncertainty. Umphathi wazazi ngokwakhiwa kokuqala ukuthi indawo eyodwa iyasebenza ngokuphelele. Uma imiphumela yavuka—futhi yavuka njengoba kufanele—akukho ndlela yokubhekana ngokuthi ubani oya kuyisiza.

Kwaphi i-Turnkey ibonakala ngokuphelele

Ukulethwa kwezinto ezidingekayo akuyona impendulo efanele kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zokulayisha umthamo izindawo ezidlula ku-500 MMscfdzivame ukuzuza kumakhontraktha akhethekile ngamayunithi ahlukahlukene enqubo. Isikali sibonisa ukuthi izindleko ezivamile zokuxhumanisa zilungile, futhi izinsiza zokuphathwa kwephrojekthi zomnikazi zingakwazi ukumunca umthwalo wokuphathwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo.

Lapho ukhiye ogibele ukhanya khona kumaphrojekthi asayizi ophakathi, izindawo ezikude, nezimo lapho umnikazi engenawo amandla okuqaliswa kwephrojekthi ngaphakathi. Izitshalo ezincane ze-LNG, amayunithi okucubungula igesi ahlobene nazo neziteshi ze-CNG ziyahambisana. Imiklamo ehlelekile, ehlelekile abahlinzeki abayizinkinobho abaletha kule miklamo inikeza ukucabangela okungafani nobunjiniyela obenziwe ngezifiso.

Kukhona nokunye okudingeka sikuphawule mayelana nokuxhaswa ngezimali. Ababolekisi bakubheka kahle ukulethwa kwezinto ngoba kunciphisa izingozi zomsebenzi. Inkontileka eyodwa nomhlinzeki oyedwa, esekelwa iziqinisekiso zokusebenza kulula ukuyibhala kunenqwaba yezivumelwano ezihlukene . Kusukela kubabophi baprojekthi, lokhu kuthiwa ukuthi kubonakala okuhle kokufuna ukufakwa kwemali nokugcina ngokushesha kokufakwa kwemali.

Indlela Yokwenza: Ukwenza Ukuzimela Kusebenza

Ukuzimela kubonakala okuphelele esiqondeni kodwa kudinga ukwenza ngokujabulisile. Umhleli kufanele abe nezindlela zokufunda ngokwesibonelo, izindawo zokwenza izinto, nokwazi ukuphatha ukwekwe. Abaningi abantu abanayo lezi zinto zombili. Abathile abanayo—njenge GreenFir —babuyisela imodeli yobuchwepheshe babo ngokuzimela.

Isidingo esikhulu sokwenza kahle siyokubhekisa kuqala. Iziprojekthi zokuzimela ezihle ziyalezi ezikwenza ngokwesibonelo ukuthi itimu yokufunda isebenza ngokushesha ekubhekisini kumsebenzi, ukukhetha izinkampani eziphelele, nokuplanina indlela yokwenza phambi kokuthi kubuyiselwe izinkampani zokwenza izinto . Ukungafaka amazwi okubhekisa kuqala kuyabonakala ngokushesha ekwenzeni njengokuguqula izinqumo, ukwenza kabusha, nokudlula isikhathi sokwenza.

Kubazizwa abasebenzisi abaqhathanisa iziphakamiso zokuphatha konke, imibuzo emikhulu ayikho kuphela ngemali. Kuyizindlela: umthunywa uyanele ukuthi wabe nempilo yeziprojekthi eziphindiweyo zokufana nokuthi kuyisilinganiso nezinkimbinkimbi? Uyanele ukuthi wabe nenkumbulo yokuproducwa ukuze aqinisekise isikhathi sokuphatha? Uyaphatha iziprojekthi zokuphatha konke emazwe amafanayo nezindlela zokuhambisa? Imibuzo leyi yonke iyabhekana kakhulu kunombala wokugcina.

IGreenfir iyaphatha iziprojekthi zokuphatha konke zemithambo yegazi emazweni amaningi, kusukela e-Asia yaseNtshona Mpuma kuze kumashumi amabili nezintathu, nesilinganiso sesayensi nezinkumbulo zokuproducwa ezisupporta ukuphatha konke kweziprojekthi kusukela kwezifundo kuze kuziqinisekisa .